Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. These activities release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) into the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing the planet to warm. Deforestation and industrial emissions further contribute to this issue by reducing the Earth's ability to absorb CO₂. The consequences of global warming include rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems, which threaten biodiversity and human livelihoods.
The effects of global warming are evident in melting polar ice caps, increasing global temperatures, and more frequent natural disasters such as hurricanes, heatwaves, and wildfires. Changes in climate patterns also affect agriculture, leading to food shortages and economic instability in many regions. Scientists emphasize the need for immediate action to reduce carbon emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, and adopt sustainable practices. International efforts like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global temperature rise and mitigate its harmful effects, but achieving these goals requires cooperation from governments, industries, and individuals worldwide.